How to Diagnose and Treat ADHD
Many people think ADHD is just a child's condition, but it can also affect adults. Getting diagnosed and treated for ADHD can help improve the quality of life for a person.
Interviewing the individual and their family members may be part of an evaluation for ADHD. The specialist might review the school records from the past to determine if symptoms started in the early years of childhood.
Symptoms
Everyone has trouble concentrating and staying organized from time-to-time, but for someone who suffers from ADHD the issues can be a hindrance with work, school and even home life. To be considered to have the disorder, a person must have major symptoms in at least two of these areas and show that the symptoms significantly impair the daily functioning. The symptoms must have also been present for a minimum of six months.
To determine a diagnosis, doctors will talk to the patient about their symptoms and ask about family medical history and any medical issues. They can also use rating scales to measure adult's or child's symptoms. These types of questionnaires are typically constructed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5). They cover symptoms like hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity.
Adults might be asked to talk with their significant other or someone who knows them well. This isn't to question the authenticity of the person, but rather to gain more insight into a person's behavior that can't be gathered from an interview. You can also inquire about childhood behavior and use old school records to see whether the signs started prior to the age of 12.
Before determining a diagnosis, the doctor will conduct physical examinations and tests in the lab to rule out any other health issues, like thyroid problems or head injuries which can trigger similar symptoms. The provider will also review the medication list of a patient. Doctors will look at the interactions between stimulants and specific medications prescribed for depression, high-blood pressure, and other ailments. This is why it's important for adults to talk to their primary care physicians in the event that they suspect they be suffering from ADHD.
Diagnosis
To be diagnosed with ADHD, symptoms must occur in two or more settings (like home, school and at work) and seriously hinder functioning. The symptoms must have manifested before the age of 12 and must not be caused by another disorder like anxiety or depression.
A mental health professional or doctor will employ a variety tools during the evaluation, including ADHD symptom checklists and standardized scales for assessing behavior and a detailed history. They may also interview family members and friends to find out how the patient's symptoms have affected them. They will ask whether the symptoms are similar to other psychiatric conditions or physical ailments.
The evaluators will look at whether the symptoms are mild or severe. They will also examine the person's medical history as well as family history to make sure there isn't any underlying reason for their symptoms, such as thyroid disorders, head injuries or medication.
In some cases the evaluator may want to conduct a cognitive test or request that the person undergo an imaging test in order to rule out other causes of their symptoms such as learning disabilities. People who suffer from these issues tend to show different symptoms than those who do not suffer from them. Boys are more likely to exhibit hyperactive symptoms, whereas girls show inattentive ones.
A few people suffering from ADHD are interested in taking part in a clinical study to test new treatments. While this is an excellent opportunity to contribute to further research, it's important for participants to realize that the main purpose of these studies is to increase scientific knowledge and do not necessarily ensure that they will receive treatment. For more information on clinical trials, please visit NIMH's Clinical Trials fact sheet.
Treatment
For a person who suspects they may have ADHD, it's important to find an expert trained in diagnosing the disorder. Make sure to check with your health insurance provider to see whether ADHD specialists are covered. You can also seek referrals from family doctors or other health care professionals. Also, word-of mouth referrals are a good choice.
A doctor will inquire with the patient - or parents in the case of children - about their issues. She may use standardized questionnaires or ADHD symptom checklists, and request details from other people in the person's life, including spouses and family members. Personal insight can reveal more than what can be learned from questionnaires.
A professional will also want to review any records that the person may have, particularly old school reports. The diagnosis of ADHD is usually dependent on the past of an individual. To be diagnosed the symptoms must be present from the time of childhood (technically, before the age 12).
A physical exam is also performed. It will look for any other medical issues that could be the cause of symptoms, like seizures or thyroid issues. The expert will often conduct a neurological exam that checks for coordination and motor control. Psychological tests, which are designed to test the ability and intelligence of a person, could be utilized too. Additionally one could be asked to perform simple computer tasks that evaluate attention and memory. This can help an expert determine whether someone is hyperactive or inattentive. The specialist will then determine the diagnosis and recommend treatment. The typical treatment plan includes medication and therapy. Psychotherapy or talk therapy may help adults and children learn healthy coping techniques and change negative thinking patterns. This therapy is offered by a primary doctor or a mental healthcare specialist who is an expert in adult ADHD.
Medication
Many people with ADHD are helped by medications, however it's not the only method to treat the condition. Children, teenagers and adults are also able to benefit from a psychotherapy session, behavioral therapy or the combination of both. These therapies help them cope with their ADHD symptoms and learn how to manage the symptoms. Psychoeducation, which is a form of education on ADHD and how to manage it, could be incorporated. They could include family members, teachers and professionals.
It is essential to find a health care provider or mental health professional with expertise in treating ADHD. You can seek suggestions from others who suffer from ADHD or from a mental health provider you already know, or perform an online search. It is essential to find a specialist who is familiar with your insurance.
The health professional will ask you or your child about the signs and problems caused by ADHD. They will conduct an examination and check for other health issues which could trigger similar symptoms. They will review the medical and family history of you or your child and also school records and other reports.
The American Psychiatric Association's (DSM-V) that is primarily geared towards diagnosing children and adolescents, has a harder to diagnose ADHD in adults. Your health care provider will interview you or your child about their symptoms and may request others who spend many hours with them to complete questionnaires and checklists. They will use these to help them decide whether you or your child has inattentive ADHD, hyperactive-impulsive ADHD, combined ADHD or unspecified ADHD. The medications used to treat ADHD include stimulants, like methylphenidate and Lisdexamfetamine and nonstimulants such as atomoxetine or certain antidepressants. They work by boosting and balancing levels of neurotransmitters in the brain.
Counseling
Many people suffering from ADHD also have comorbid disorders, like anxiety or depression. Treatment should therefore include therapy that addresses these issues. Certain patients might benefit from cognitive behavioral therapy, which helps develop skills such as time and task management, emotional self-regulation and impulse control.
In addition, therapists can help patients learn to manage their symptoms by making lifestyle modifications. For instance an exercise routine that is regularly practiced can help reduce hyperactivity and improve concentration. A healthier diet is also essential for those with ADHD tend to consume more sugar and fat, and eat fewer vegetables and fruits than the rest of us. Making family and social relationships a top priority can help decrease anxiety and make people feel more in charge of their lives.
adhd diagnosis adult uk of an ADHD diagnosis is that it gives adults and children an understanding understanding of their challenges. For instance, a child suffering from ADHD may have trouble communicating their needs to teachers and peers However, once a teacher is aware that it's not personal or due to inattention accommodations can be made.
A professional doing an ADHD assessment will ask questions that are geared towards the individual's age, ask questions of teachers and family members, review medical records, and check for comorbid conditions. If ADHD symptoms first started before age school records can be useful for adults.
The expert will also check for any hearing or vision problems with hearing or vision. They could also conduct a blood test in order to determine the presence of certain hormones, and other health conditions that can cause symptoms and signs of ADHD.